The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) superfamily consists of three main protein
kinase families: the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs), the c-Jun N …

Winter survival for hundreds of species of organisms depends on freeze tolerance, the ability
to endure the conversion of a high percentage of total body water into extracellular ice …

The ability to survive hypoxic conditions is important for various organisms, especially for
aquatic animals. Teleost fish, representing more than 50% of vertebrate species, are …

One of the most important challenges that cardiomyocytes experience is an increase in the
levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ie, during ischemia, reperfusion as well as in the …

The primary function of the epidermis is to provide a protective barrier against numerous
environmental insults, including ultraviolet radiation (UVR). UVR, particularly in the UVB …

We investigated the activation of three subfamilies of MAPKs (ERK, JNKs and p38-MAPK) by
oxidative stress in the isolated perfused amphibian heart. Activation of p43-ERK by 100 …

An array of physiological, endocrinological, biochemical and behavioral indicators have
been investigated for utility in assessing the level of stress imposed on cultured finfish by …

We have reported recently that intrathecal (it) injection of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), at a dose of
100 ng, induces inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) …

The p38 kinases are one of the four subgroups of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)
superfamily which are involved in the innate immunity. The p38 subfamily that includes four …

The epidemic of heart disease, the leading cause of death worldwide, is made worse by the
fact that the adult mammalian heart is especially poor at repair. Damage to the mammal …