Schizophrenia is a highly heterogeneous disorder characterized by a multitude of complex
and seemingly non-overlapping symptoms. The insular cortex has gained increasing …

The neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental hypotheses represent the basic etiological
framework for the origin of schizophrenia. Additionally, the dopamine hypothesis, adopted …

The insula is a heterogeneous cortical region, comprised of three cytoarchitecturally distinct
sub-regions (agranular, dysgranular, and granular), which traverse the anterior-posterior …

The diverse functional roles of the insula may emerge from its heavy connectivity to an
extensive network of cortical and subcortical areas. Despite several previous attempts to …

Background: Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have been linked to alterations in the
functional activity and grey matter volume of some brain areas, reflected in impaired regional …

Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have revealed gray matter
reductions in the insular cortex of schizophrenia patients. Despite large inter-individual …

Interoception refers to the processing, integration, and interpretation of bodily signals by the
brain. Interoception is key to not only basic survival, but also motivational and affective …

Progressive gray matter reductions in the insular cortex have been reported in the early
phases of schizophrenia (Sz); however, the trajectory of these reductions during the course …

Background: Attachment theory offers an important framework for understanding
interpersonal interaction experiences. In the present study, we examined the neural …

BackgroundThe mechanisms underlying the antipsychotic potential of cannabidiol (CBD)
remain unclear but growing evidence indicates that dysfunction in the insula, a key brain …