The fish gill is a multipurpose organ that, in addition to providing for aquatic gas exchange,
plays dominant roles in osmotic and ionic regulation, acid-base regulation, and excretion of …

Compared to terrestrial animals, fish have to cope with more-challenging osmotic and ionic
gradients from aquatic environments with diverse salinities, ion compositions, and pH …

As the primary link between environmental change and physiological response, the
neuroendocrine system is a critical part of osmoregulatory adaptations. Cortisol has been …

Salinity and its variations are among the key factors that affect survival, metabolism and
distribution during the fish development. The successful establishment of a fish species in a …

The secondary active Cl− secretion in seawater (SW) teleost fish gills and elasmobranch
rectal gland involves basolateral Na+, K+‐ATPase and NKCC, apical membrane CFTR …

Inland aquaculture of shrimp in low salinity waters is widespread in many regions
worldwide. Owing to its ability to grow and survive in low salinity environments the Pacific …

Current understanding of chloride cells (CCs) is briefly reviewed with emphasis on
molecular aspects of their channels, transporters and regulators. Seawater-type and …

The gill of fishes is modified for gas exchange, thereby providing a site for net movement of
salts and water down their respective gradients. Specialized cells in the gill epithelium are …

Branchial ammonia transport in freshwater teleosts is not well understood. Most studies
conclude that NH3 diffuses out of the gill and becomes protonated to NH4+ in an acidified …

For teleost fish living in seawater, drinking the surrounding medium is necessary to avoid
dehydration. This is a key component of their osmoregulatory strategy presenting the …