The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is crucial for the physiology and pathology of all the
organs. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) maintains the homeostasis of RAS as a …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is emphysema and/or chronic bronchitis
characterised by long-term breathing problems and poor airflow. The prevalence of COPD …

Aims The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of β-blockers (BBs) on respiratory function
and survival in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with cardiovascular …

Exacerbations of COPD are thought to be caused by complex interactions between the host,
bacteria, viruses, and environmental pollution. These factors increase the inflammatory …

Background: Therapy with antibiotics influences recovery only in selected cases of COPD
exacerbations. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of procalcitonin guidance compared to …

Impact: This study explores the use of measuring plasma biomarkers at exacerbation of
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), providing insight into the underlying …

The pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of COPD are not restricted to pulmonary
inflammation and structural remodeling. Rather, this disorder is associated with clinically …

Rationale: In addition to pulmonary involvement, stable chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) is associated with nasal and systemic inflammation. Although …

Cytokines play an important part in many pathobiological processes of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD), including the chronic inflammatory process, emphysema, and …