The historical view of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in atherosclerosis is that
aberrant proliferation of VSMCs promotes plaque formation, but that VSMCs in advanced …

Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis Christopher K. Glass*†‡ and Joseph L. Witztum*
Specialized Center of Research on Molecular Serum cholesterol is carried by several …

The Handbook of Membrane Separations: Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Biotechnological
Applications provides detailed information on membrane separation technologies as they …

Prolonged activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway known as the
unfolded protein response (UPR) can lead to cell pathology and subsequent tissue …

Rupture of atherosclerotic plaque has been identified as the proximate event in the majority
of cases of acute ischemic syndromes. Plaque rupture exposes thrombogenic components …

Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death and disability. The lesions of atherosclerosis
represent a series of highly specific cellular and molecular responses. The earliest changes …

According to traditional thinking, atherosclerosis results from passive lipid deposition in the
vascular wall. Thus, therapies predominantly targeted lipid metabolism. The contemporary …

It is generally accepted that the de-differentiation of smooth muscle cells, from the contractile
to the proliferative/synthetic phenotype, has an important role during vascular remodelling …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are natural byproducts of oxygen metabolism in the cell. At
physiological levels, they play a vital role in cell signaling. However, high ROS levels cause …

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease,
including ischemic heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. Mutations in the …