Traditionally, advances in robotic technology have been in the manufacturing industry due to
the need for collaborative robots. However, this is not the case in the service sectors …

Abstract The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has completely changed our lives
and how we interact with the world. The pandemic has brought about a pressing need to …

National evidence-based guidelines for preventing healthcare-associated infections (HCAI)
in National Health Service (NHS) hospitals in England were originally commissioned by the …

Food safety is the primary goal for food and drink manufacturers. Cleaning and disinfection
practices applied to the processing environment are vital to maintain this safety; yet, current …

Over the last decade, substantial scientific evidence has accumulated that indicates
contamination of environmental surfaces in hospital rooms plays an important role in the …

The role of the environment in harboring and transmitting multidrug-resistant organisms has
become clearer due to a series of publications linking environmental contamination with …

Many studies have demonstrated that terminal cleaning and disinfection with germicides is
often inadequate and leaves environmental surfaces contaminated with important …

BACKGROUND: Surface contamination in hospitals is involved in the transmission of
pathogens in a proportion of healthcare-associated infections. Admission to a room …

1. Executive summary Multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacterial infections have
become prevalent in some European countries. Moreover, increased use of broad-spectrum …

Background. The control of biological hazard risk in health care and dental clinic
environments represents a critical point in relation to the Covid‐19 infection outbreak and …