Hyponatremia is frequently seen in patients with ascites secondary to advanced cirrhosis
and portal hypertension. Although not apparent in the early stages of cirrhosis, the …

Ascites, a common complication of liver cirrhosis, eventually becomes refractory to diuretic
therapy and sodium restriction in∼ 10% of patients. Multiple pathogenetic factors are …

This review describes current approaches to the management of patients with cirrhotic
ascites in relation to the severity of its clinical manifestations. The PubMed database, the …

Introduction: Ascites commonly complicates cirrhosis, becoming refractory to treatment with
diuretics and sodium restriction in approximately 10% of patients. Pathogenesis of refractory …

In hypotonic hyponatremia, which is the most common form of hyponatremia, clinical
manifestations are largely due to brain swelling caused by entry of water into the cells. In …

Ascites is the most common complication of cirrhosis, which develops in 5%‐10% of patients
per year. Its management is based on symptomatic measures including restriction of sodium …

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte abnormality in patients with decompensated
cirrhosis on Liver Transplantation (LT) waiting list. Most of these patients have dilutional or …

Portal hypertension is a major prognostic factor for clinical decompensation in patients with
cirrhosis, 1 who usually remain asymptomatic during the compensated stage. When the …

Abstract Background and Aims: Refractory ascites represents a significant complication of
decompensated cirrhosis, associated with increased mortality rates. The aim of this meta …

Hyponatremia is primarily a water balance disorder associated with high morbidity and
mortality. The pathophysiological mechanisms behind hyponatremia are multifactorial, and …