Abstract Turnbull, Andrew V., and Catherine L. Rivier. Regulation of the Hypothalamic-
Pituitary-Adrenal Axis by Cytokines: Actions and Mechanisms of Action. Physiol. Rev. 79: 1 …

The brain is not only immunologically active of its own accord, but also has complex
peripheral immune interactions. Given the central role of cytokines in …

Summary Interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling is important for multiple potentially pathogenic
processes in the central nervous system (CNS), but the cell-type-specific roles of IL-1 …

It has recently become accepted that the activated immune system communicates to brain
via release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This review examines the possibility that pro …

It has recently been postulated that cytokines may cause depressive illness in man. This
hypothesis is based on the following observations: 1. Treatment of patients with cytokines …

If cytokines are constitutively expressed by and act on neurons in normal adult brain, then
we may have to modify our current view that they are predominantly inflammatory mediators …

The first studies carried out on the mechanisms by which peripheral immune stimuli signal
the brain to induce fever, activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and sickness …

It is becoming well accepted that products of the immune system (cytokines) can signal the
brain that infection has occurred. This cytokine-to-brain communication can result in marked …

Abstract Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) are proinflammatory
cytokines that are constitutively expressed in healthy, adult brain where they mediate normal …

Depression represents a major public health problem. It is estimated that 13–20% of the
population has some depressive symptoms at any given time and about 5% of the …