Concern that a highly pathogenic virus might cause the next influenza pandemic has
spurred recent research into influenza and its complications. Bacterial superinfection in the …

The concept of “original antigenic sin” was first proposed by Thomas Francis, Jr. in 1960.
This phenomenon has the potential to rewrite what we understand about how the immune …

Importance Infections due to Staphylococcus aureus are serious complications of
cardiothoracic surgery. A novel vaccine candidate (V710) containing the highly conserved S …

Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) contains antigenic sites recognized by the host immune
system, cleavage sites cleaved by host proteases, receptor binding sites attaching to sialyl …

The worldwide spread of a novel influenza A (H1N1) virus in 2009 showed that influenza
remains a significant health threat, even for individuals in the prime of life. This paper …

Pandemic influenza viruses often cause severe disease in middle-aged adults without
preexisting comorbidities. The mechanism of illness associated with severe disease in this …

With the global spread of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza virus, there are
increasing worries about evolution through antigenic drift. One way previous seasonal H1N1 …

Background In many parts of the world, the exponential growth rate of infections during the
initial epidemic phase has been used to make statistical inferences on the reproduction …

Background Entry screening tends to start with a search for febrile international passengers,
and infrared thermoscanners have been employed for fever screening in Japan. We aimed …

The implementation of optimal control strategies involving antiviral treatment and/or isolation
measures can reduce significantly the number of clinical cases of influenza. Pandemic-level …