Lipids represent a valuable target for metabolomic studies since altered lipid metabolism is
known to drive the pathological changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Metabolomic …

Numerous clinical studies have revealed the utility of circulating AM (adrenomedullin) or MR-
proAM (mid-regional proAM 45-92) as an effective prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for a …

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a vasodilative peptide with various physiological functions,
including the maintenance of vascular tone and endothelial barrier function. AM levels are …

Copeptin is the carboxyl-terminus of the arginine vasopressin (AVP) precursor peptide. The
main physiological functions of AVP are fluid and osmotic balance, cardiovascular …

Vasopressin (AVP) is a key neurohormone involved in the regulation of body functions. Due
to its urine-concentrating effect in the kidneys, it is often referred to as antidiuretic hormone …

Background Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a severe condition, often co-occurring with
depression and anxiety, that strongly affects the quality of life (QoL) in some patients …

Background Natriuretic peptide (NP) elevations are prognostic in heart failure (HF), but
relative atrial NP deficiency in acute HF has been suggested. Objectives The authors …

Background Plasma copeptin measurement is useful for the differential diagnoses of
polyuria-polydipsia syndrome. It has also been proposed as a prognostic marker for …

From a pathogenetic point of view, heart failure (HF) is characterized by the activation of
several neurohumoral pathways with a role in maintaining the cardiac output and the …

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly
worldwide. Although many biomarkers associated with in heart failure, these are generally …