Cancer researchers have traditionally used the mouse and the rat as staple model
organisms. These animals are very short-lived, reproduce rapidly and are highly prone to …

Over 1.66 million humans (approx. 500/100 000 population rate) and over 4.2 million dogs
(approx. 5300/100 000 population rate) are diagnosed with cancer annually in the USA. The …

Cancer is a ubiquitous disease of metazoans, predicted to disproportionately affect larger,
long-lived organisms owing to their greater number of cell divisions, and thus increased …

Importance Evolutionary medicine may provide insights into human physiology and
pathophysiology, including tumor biology. Objective To identify mechanisms for cancer …

Living things are organized in a hierarchy of levels. Genes group together in cells, cells
group together in organisms, and organisms group together in societies. Even different …

At a time of unprecedented expansion in the life sciences, evolution is the one theory that
transcends all of biology. Any observation of a living system must ultimately be interpreted in …

A major constraint on the evolution of large body sizes in animals is an increased risk of
developing cancer. There is no correlation, however, between body size and cancer risk …

Benefits of increased size and functional specialization of cells have repeatedly promoted
the evolution of multicellular organisms from unicellular ancestors. Many requirements for …

The evolution of multicellularity required the suppression of cancer. If every cell has some
chance of becoming cancerous, large, long-lived organisms should have an increased risk …

The naked mole-rat is the longest living rodent with a maximum lifespan exceeding 28
years. In addition to its longevity, naked mole-rats have an extraordinary resistance to …