A q-rung orthopair fuzzy (q-ROF) set (q-ROFS) is one of the advanced fuzzy sets capable of
processing complex real-world information satisfactorily. q-ROF distance measures are used …

Amidst a transformative economic milieu in China, domestic enterprises are venturing into
the global market, exposing them to intensified perils in international trade and investment …

In this work, we present some concepts that are considered unique ideas for topological
structures generated by soft settings. We first define the concept of weakly soft α-open …

The concept of linear Diophantine fuzzy set (LDFS) theory with its control parameters is a
strong model for machine learning and data-driven multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) …

The paper presents a novel analysis of interrelations between ordinary (crisp) σ-algebras
and soft σ-algebras. It is known that each soft σ-algebra produces a system of crisp …

Conceptual design evaluation is a significant challenge in product development to select
suitable conceptual schemes (CS). Relying on decision makers'(DMs) personal experience …

Picture fuzzy sets (PFSs) are a versatile generalization of fuzzy sets and intuitionistic fuzzy
sets (IFSs), providing a robust framework for modeling imprecise, uncertain, and inconsistent …

Rainfall analysis is an area of primary concern because of the involved uncertainties. These
uncertainties may be pertaining to the unambiguous nature of data, intrinsic errors involved …

The environmental impact of Bitcoin mining in Kazakhstan, which is currently the third-
largest market in the world by hash rate, is coming under further scrutiny. Data on the …

The selection of an optimal investment sector is of critical importance not only for individual
financial success but also to drive economic development. The allocation of capital into …