During stress, bacteria undergo extensive physiological transformations, many of which are
coordinated by ppGpp. Although ppGpp is best known for enhancing cellular resilience by …

Like for all microbes, the goal of every pathogen is to survive and replicate. However, to
overcome the formidable defenses of their hosts, pathogens are also endowed with traits …

Legionella pneumophila is a gram-negative bacterium that inhabits freshwater ecosystems,
where it is present in biofilm or as planktonic form. L. pneumophila is mainly found …

Understanding mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis is critical for infectious disease
control and treatment. Infection is a sophisticated process that requires the participation of …

To transit from intra‐to extracellular environments, Legionella pneumophila differentiates
from a replicative/non‐virulent to a transmissive/virulent form using the two‐component …

Peptidoglycan is a critical component of the bacteria cell envelope. Remodeling of the
peptidoglycan is required for numerous essential cellular processes and has been linked to …

Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, an acute
pulmonary infection. L. pneumophila is able to infect and multiply in both phagocytic …

Being exposed to various kinds of stress in their natural environments, bacteria usually grow
slowly or even have to use their limited resources entirely for maintenance and stress …

A hallmark of Coxiella burnetii, the bacterial cause of human Q fever, is a biphasic
developmental cycle that generates biologically, ultrastructurally, and compositionally …

Because it can grow in buildings with complex hot water distribution systems (HWDS),
healthcare facilities recognize the waterborne bacterium Legionella pneumophila as a major …