In mammals, environmental sounds stimulate the auditory receptor, the cochlea, via
vibrations of the stapes, the innermost of the middle ear ossicles. These vibrations produce …

Most sounds of interest consist of complex, time-dependent admixtures of tones of diverse
frequencies and variable amplitudes. To detect and process these signals, the ear employs …

What is life? What is water? What is sound? In Sounding the Limits of Life, anthropologist
Stefan Helmreich investigates how contemporary scientists—biologists, oceanographers …

Abstract A 3-D finite element (FE) model of the human ear consisting of the external ear
canal, middle ear, and cochlea is reported in this paper. The acoustic-structure-fluid coupled …

We present the first simultaneous sound pressure measurements in scala vestibuli and
scala tympani of the cochlea in human cadaveric temporal bones. The technique we …

In the normal mammalian ear, sound vibrates the eardrum, causing the tiny bones of the
middle ear to vibrate, transferring the vibration to the inner ear fluids. The vibration …

The operation of the mammalian cochlea relies on a mechanical traveling wave that is
actively boosted by electromechanical forces in sensory outer hair cells (OHCs). This active …

Within the cochlea, the basilar membrane (BM) is coupled to the reticular lamina (RL)
through three rows of piezo-like outer hair cells (OHCs) and supporting cells that endow …

Georg Békésy laid the foundation for cochlear mechanics, foremost by demonstrating the
traveling wave that is the substrate for mammalian cochlear mechanical processing. He …

Mechanical displacements of the basilar membrane (BM) and the electrophysiological
responses of the auditory outer hair cells (OHCs) are key components of the frequency …