Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) encompasses a group of inherited retinal dystrophies
characterized by the primary degeneration of rod and cone photoreceptors. RP is a leading …

Due to improved phenotyping and genetic characterization, the field of 'incurable'and
'blinding'inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) has moved substantially forward. Decades of …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease and a
major cause of blindness in the developed world. Owing to its complexity and the lack of an …

Hereditary degenerations of the human retina are genetically heterogeneous, with well over
100 genes implicated so far. This Seminar focuses on the subset of diseases called retinitis …

Located between vessels of the choriocapillaris and light-sensitive outer segments of the
photoreceptors, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) closely interacts with photoreceptors in …

By definition, a vitamin is a substance that must be obtained regularly from the diet. Vitamin
A must be acquired from the diet, but unlike most vitamins, it can also be stored within the …

Retinoids (vitamin A) are crucial for most forms of life. In chordates, they have important roles
in the developing nervous system and notochord and many other embryonic structures, as …

By its action on rhodopsin, light triggers the well-known visual transduction cascade, but can
also induce cell damage and death through phototoxic mechanisms–a comprehensive …

Vertebrate vision critically depends on an 11-cis-retinoid renewal system known as the
visual cycle. At the heart of this metabolic pathway is an enzyme known as retinal pigment …

Following exposure of our eye to very intense illumination, we experience a greatly elevated
visual threshold, that takes tens of minutes to return completely to normal. The slowness of …