Signal transduction is initiated by complex protein–protein interactions between ligands,
receptors and kinases, to name only a few. It is now becoming clear that lipid micro …

Members of the nerve growth factor (NGF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor
(GDNF) families—comprising neurotrophins and GDNF-family ligands (GFLs), respectively …

Peripheral nerves injuries result in paralysis, anesthesia and lack of autonomic control of the
affected body areas. After injury, axons distal to the lesion are disconnected from the …

Glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was originally identified as a survival
factor for midbrain dopaminergic neurons. GDNF and related ligands, neurturin (NRTN) …

Over a half a century of research has confirmed that neurotrophic factors promote the
survival and process outgrowth of isolated neurons in vitro. The mechanisms by which …

Intercellular communication involves either direct cell-cell contact or release and uptake of
diffusible signals, two strategies mediated by distinct and largely nonoverlapping sets of …

Glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a 134 amino acid protein belonging in
the GDNF family ligands (GFLs). GDNF was originally isolated from rat glial cell lines and …

The variety of diseases caused by mutations in RET receptor tyrosine kinase provides a
classic example of phenotypic heterogeneity. Gain-of-function mutations of RET are …

The biomedical literature on the subject of neurotrophic growth factors has expanded
prodigiously. This essay reviews neurotrophic factors (NTF) and their receptors in …

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and related molecules, neurturin, artemin
and persephin, signal through a unique multicomponent receptor system consisting of RET …