Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been produced and used in a broad range
of products since the 1950s. This class, comprising of thousands of chemicals, have been …

Caffeine is being increasingly used in cosmetics due to its high biological activity and ability
to penetrate the skin barrier. This alkaloid is frequently used as a hydrophilic model …

The purine alkaloid caffeine is the most widely consumed psychostimulant drug in the world
and has multiple beneficial pharmacological activities, for example, in neurodegenerative …

Excised human skin is utilized for in vitro permeation experiments to evaluate the safety and
effect of topically-applied drugs by measuring its skin permeation and concentration …

The goal of this study was to develop a quick, reliable, and cost-effective permeability model
for predicting transdermal penetration of compounds. The Parallel Artificial Membrane …

What is already known about this subject• In recent years, it has been suggested that hair
follicles represent important shunt routes into the skin for drugs and chemicals [1–3].• In vitro …

Models of the outer epithelia of the human body-namely the skin, the intestine and the lung-
have found valid applications in both research and industrial settings as attractive …

The objective of this work was to study the in vitro skin penetration of a drug model
(nimesulide) from semi-solid topical formulations containing nanospheres, nanocapsules or …

There is increasing interest in miniaturized technologies in diagnostics, therapeutic testing,
and biomedicinal fundamental research. The same is true for the dermal studies in topical …

Due to the increased demand for reliable data regarding penetration into and permeation
across human skin, assessment of the absorption of xenobiotics has been gaining in …