Objective: To present evidence-based recommendations that promote optimized fluid-
maintenance practices for physically active individuals. Background: Both a lack of adequate …

Recovery after exercise is an essential element of the training–adaptation cycle. The overall
goal of postexercise recovery is to restore homeostasis in many of the body's physiological …

Every athlete has specific needs based on his or her individual sex, size, sport, exercise
intensity, duration of activity, phase of training, and even the season in which the sport is …

Background Fluid replacement during cycling exercise evolves on a spectrum from simply
drinking to thirst to planned structured intake, with both being appropriate recommendations …

Heat strain may cause heat-related illness and reduce work efficiency as well as represent
individual differences. To simulate individualized physiological responses of the human …

The purpose of the paper is to investigate the difference in thermal preferences and their
effect on physiological response and thermal sensation. A questionnaire combined with …

Adequate hydration is essential for health, with even mild forms of dehydration often having
negative effects on cognition and well-being. Despite evidence of higher risk for dehydration …

Background Appetitive sensations (AS) are signals that guide eating behaviors. Marked
short-term inter-individual variability in AS has been reported but the long-term stability of …

Simple Summary Giro d'Italia is one of the most demanding races in cycling tour, in which,
during the 3 weeks of competition, several physiological adaptations occur. This study …

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the hydration status of Czech First
League soccer players, and to compare the reported fluid intake, perceived fluid intake and …