Since its initial isolation in Uganda in 1937 through the present, West Nile virus (WNV) has
become an important cause of human and animal disease worldwide. WNV, an enveloped …

West Nile virus (WNV), the most widely distributed virus of the encephalitic flaviviruses, is a
vector-borne pathogen of global importance. The transmission cycle exists in rural and …

Background West Nile virus (WNV) circulates in an enzootic cycle involving mosquitoes and
birds; humans are accidental hosts. Aim We analysed human WNV infections reported …

Background West Nile virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus which has been posing
continuous challenges to public health worldwide due to the identification of new lineages …

Abiotic and biotic conditions are both important determinants of West Nile Fever (WNF)
epidemiology. Ambient temperature plays an important role in the growth rates of vector …

A wide range of arthropod-borne viruses threaten both human and animal health either
through their presence in Europe or through risk of introduction. Prominent among these is …

Climate change is a current global concern and, despite continuing controversy about the
extent and importance of causes and of its effects, it seems likely that it will affect the …

ABSTRACT Introduction: West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne human and animal
pathogen with nearly worldwide distribution. In Europe, the virus is endemic with seasonal …

A specific concept of strain was developed in order to classify the BTV serotypes ever
reported in Europe based on their properties of animal health impact: the genotype …

West Nile virus (WNV) is a positive-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family,
a large family with 3 main genera (flavivirus, hepacivirus and pestivirus). Among these …