A link between oxidative stress and hypertension has been firmly established in multiple
animal models of hypertension but remains elusive in humans. While initial studies focused …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a small free radical with critical signaling roles in physiology and
pathophysiology. The generation of sufficient NO levels to regulate the resistance of the …

NADPH oxidases (NOX) are enzyme complexes that have received much attention as key
molecules in the development of vascular dysfunction. NOX have the primary function of …

Significance: Intrarenal oxidative stress plays a critical role in the initiation and progression
of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Enhanced oxidative stress results from overproduction of …

Intrarenal autoregulatory mechanisms maintain renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular
filtration rate (GFR) independent of renal perfusion pressure (RPP) over a defined range (80 …

Autoimmune diseases commonly affect various systems, but their etiology and pathogenesis
remain unclear. Currently, increasing research has highlighted the role of ferroptosis in …

Significance: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are signaling molecules that are important in
physiological processes, including host defense, aging, and cellular homeostasis. Increased …

Signaling pathways induced by the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha
(TNF-α) play a key role in the cellular responses to inflammation and injury. In the …

Significance: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote genomic instability, altered signal
transduction, and an environment that can sustain tumor formation and growth. The NOX …

The last 20–25 years have seen an explosion of interest in the role of NADPH oxidase
(NOX) in cardiovascular function and disease. In vascular smooth muscle and endothelium …