During exercise the cardiovascular system has to warrant substrate supply to working
muscle. The main function of red blood cells in exercise is the transport of O2 from the lungs …

The use of substances and medications with potential cardiovascular effects among those
practicing sports and physical activity has progressively increased in recent years. This is …

Iron transport in the plasma is carried out by transferrin, which donates iron to cells through
its interaction with a specific membrane receptor, the transferrin receptor (TfR). A soluble …

Professional road cycling is an extreme endurance sport. Approximately 30 000 to 35 000km
are cycled each year in training and competition and some races, such as the Tour de …

ABSTRACT LUCÍA, A., J. HOYOS, A. SANTALLA, C. EARNEST, and JL CHICHARRO. Tour
de France versus Vuelta a Espana: Which Is Harder? Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 35, No. 5 …

The first description of reticulocytes was made in 1865 by Wilhelm Heinrich Erb (1840–
1921), a German neurologist who was a leading physician and eminent figure of his time …

Training and hypoxia-associated changes in maximal oxygen uptake are mediated by
different blood adaptations. Training increases blood volume because of plasma and red …

Abstract The World Anti-Doping Agency is responsible for maintaining a Prohibited List that
describes the use of substances and methods that are prohibited for athletes. The list …

Purpose Alterations of the red blood cell system and iron metabolism can influence physical
performance. On the other hand, exercise can influence hematological variables. The …

ABSTRACT GORE, CJ, SA CLARK, and PU SAUNDERS. Nonhematological Mechanisms of
Improved Sea-Level Performance after Hypoxic Exposure. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 39 …