Despite its position as the first-line drug for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the
mechanisms underlying the plasma glucose level-lowering effects of metformin (1, 1 …

Clear evidence indicates that cytokines, for instance, adipokines, hepatokines, inflammatory
cytokines, myokines, and osteokines, contribute substantially to the development of …

Highly ordered interactions between immune and metabolic responses are evolutionarily
conserved and paramount for tissue and organismal health. Disruption of these interactions …

The liver is an essential metabolic organ, and its metabolic activity is tightly controlled by
insulin and other metabolic hormones. Glucose is metabolized into pyruvate through …

The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is
crucial for transducing signals from a variety of metabolically relevant hormones and …

Metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease, are characterized by chronic low-grade tissue and systemic inflammation. During …

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) were first described as playing important roles in the
development of lymphoid tissues and more recently in the initiation of inflammation at barrier …

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is comprised of a cluster of closely related risk factors,
including visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, hypertension, high triglyceride, and low high …

Mammals undergo regular cycles of fasting and feeding that engage dynamic transcriptional
responses in metabolic tissues. Here we review advances in our understanding of the gene …

Skeletal muscle represents the largest organ of the body in non-obese individuals and is
now considered to be an active endocrine organ releasing a host of so-called myokines …