Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) generate the second messenger cAMP from ATP. Mammalian cells
express nine transmembrane AC (mAC) isoforms (AC1–9) and a soluble AC (sAC, also …

The adenylyl cyclases are variously regulated by G protein subunits, a number of
serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinases, and Ca2+. In some physiological situations …

The crystal structure of a soluble, catalytically active form of adenylyl cyclase in a complex
with its stimulatory heterotrimeric G protein α subunit (Gs α) and forskolin was determined to …

Mechanistic descriptions of cAMP production have evolved significantly since the 1960s
when Sutherland and Rall hypothesized the existence of a single polypeptide that would …

The present review focuses on the potential physiological regulations involving different
isoforms of adenylyl cyclase (AC), the enzymatic activity responsible for the synthesis of …

Endothelium forms a semi-permeable barrier that separates blood from the underlying
tissue. Barrier function is largely determined by cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions that …

Heterotrimeric G proteins in vertebrates constitute a family molecular switches that transduce
the activation of a populous group of cell-surface receptors to a group of diverse effector …

Mammalian adenylyl cyclases contain two conserved regions, C1 and C2, which are
responsible for forskolin-and G-protein-stimulated catalysis. The structure of the C2 catalytic …

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is an important intracellular signalling mediator. It is generated in
mammals by nine membrane-bound and one soluble adenylyl cyclases (ACs), each with …

The discovery of 3!, 5!-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the late 1950s by
Sutherland and co-workers was the pivotal event that led to our current paradigm of …