The scaling theory of the transitions between plateaus of the Hall conductivity in the integer
quantum Hall effect is reviewed. In the model of two-dimensional noninteracting electrons in …

Instrumental observations, and reconstructions, of global and hemispheric temperature
evolution reveal a pronounced warming during the past∼ 150 years. One expression of this …

Experimental results on metal–insulator transitions and the anomalous properties of strongly
interacting two-dimensional electron systems are reviewed and critically analyzed. Special …

Abstract The Quantum Hall Effect (QHE) is one of the most remarkable condensed-matter
phenomena discovered in the second half of the 20 th century. It rivals superconductivity in …

Using a scanning single electron transistor we probe the individual localized states in the
integer quantum Hall regime. We find that the observed states are utterly different than those …

We have investigated the integer quantum Hall plateau-to-plateau transition in two-
dimensional electrons confined to Al x Ga 1-x As-Al 0.33 Ga 0.67 As heterostructures over a …

We argue that hopping conductivity dominates on both sides of σ xx peaks in low-mobility
samples and use a theory of hopping of interacting electrons to estimate a width Δν of the …

We argue that it is the hopping transport that is responsible for broadening of the σ xx peaks.
An explicit expression for the width Δν of the peak as a function of the temperature T is …

We report a current (I)-dependent transport measurement in between two adjacent integer
quantum Hall plateaus at different bath temperatures (T b) for 10 nA< I< 10 μA. We find the …

Fractional quantum Hall (FQH) phases emerge due to strong electronic interactions and are
characterized by anyonic quasiparticles, each distinguished by unique topological …