Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a maladaptive and debilitating psychiatric disorder,
characterized by re-experiencing, avoidance, negative emotions and thoughts, and …

Given the rapid proliferation of trajectory-based approaches to study clinical consequences
to stress and potentially traumatic events (PTEs), there is a need to evaluate emerging …

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is widely accepted for its involvement in resilience
and antidepressant drug action, is a common genetic locus of risk for mental illnesses, and …

Questions of how altered functioning of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis
contribute to the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) …

Why do only some individuals develop pathological anxiety following adverse events? Fear
acquisition, extinction and return of fear paradigms serve as experimental learning models …

Epidemiologic and genetic studies suggest common environmental and genetic risk factors
for a number of psychiatric disorders, including depression, bipolar disorder, and …

Anxiety and fear-related disorders are common and disabling, and they significantly
increase risk for suicide and other causes of morbidity and mortality. However, there is …

Abstract Purpose of Review The emotional memory and learning model of PTSD posits
maladaptive fear conditioning, extinction learning, extinction recall, and safety learning as …

The processing and regulation of fear is one of the key components of posttraumatic stress
disorder (PTSD). Fear can involve both acute and potential threats that can manifest in …

Fear extinction underlies prolonged exposure, one of the most well-studied treatments for
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There has been increased interest in exploring …