Papillomaviruses (PV s) are complex viruses which infect the skin or mucosae of a broad
range of amniotes worldwide. They cause benign or malignant lesions depending on …

Neoplasia has been recorded in the vast majority of metazoans. The frequent occurrence of
cancer in multicellular organisms suggests that neoplasia, similar to pathogens/parasites …

This book is a comprehensive presentation of health and diseases in reindeer and caribou,
or just Rangifer, a key Circumarctic species with broad social and ecological value. It is an …

Cancer is a family of diseases that has been documented in most metazoan species and
ecosystems. Human induced environmental changes are increasingly exposing wildlife to …

The hygiene hypothesis, according to which the recent reduction of exposure to infectious
agents in the human species would be the origin of various diseases, including autoimmune …

Simple Summary Wildlife can serve as a reservoir for highly contagious and deadly
diseases, many of which are infectious to domestic animals and/or humans. Wildlife disease …

Background The roe deer is the most abundant and widespread wild Eurasian cervid. Its
populations are expanding and increasingly in contact with livestock. This may affect the …

This chapter discusses a few viral infections that might affect reindeer in the future. Viruses
are not susceptible to antibiotics used against bacterial diseases, and there are only a few …

We investigated healthy skin and mucosal specimens of wild ruminants in the Italian Alps.
We identified bovine papillomavirus (BPV)-2 DNA in the healthy skin of wild ruminants and …

We identified a novel papillomavirus (CePV1) in a fibropapilloma of a 1.5 year old male red
deer (Cervus elaphus) shot in the Italian Alps in Brescia province. PV particles were first …