Abstract Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid metabolite that exerts its actions
by engaging 5 G-protein-coupled receptors (S1PR1-S1PR5). S1P receptors are involved in …

In the past decade, the therapeutic arsenal for multiple sclerosis has expanded greatly.
Newer more potent disease modifying therapies (DMTs) with varying mechanisms of actions …

Introduction Fingolimod was the first oral disease-modifying treatment approved for
relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) that serves as a sphingosine-1-phosphate …

Biomarkers predicting fingolimod (FTY) treatment response in relapsing-remitting multiple
sclerosis (RRMS) are lacking. Here, we performed extensive functional immunophenotyping …

Abstract Purpose of Review Defective cell–mediated immunity is a major risk factor for
cryptococcosis, a fatal disease if untreated. Cryptococcal meningitis (CM), the main …

Background and Objectives To describe the characteristics of patients with MS reporting
cryptococcal meningitis (CM) while treated with fingolimod. Methods The Novartis safety …

Abstract Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulators are a new class of oral
disease-modifying therapies used for Multiple Sclerosis (MS). These are immunomodulatory …

Cryptococcus is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that can cause disseminated infection with
predominant central nervous system involvement in patients with compromised immunity …

Introduction: Disease modifying treatments are commonly used in the treatment of multiple
sclerosis. As different opportunistic infections have been reported, concerns are also raised …

Introduction The management of patients affected by autoimmune/idiopathic diseases has
been revolutionized by the development of targeted therapies (TT). However, the use of TT …