Osteoblasts and osteoclasts collaborate in bone metabolism, facilitating bone development,
maintaining normal bone density and strength, and aiding in the repair of pathological …

Arsenic is a well-known human carcinogen whose environmental exposure via drinking
water, food, and air impacts millions of people across the globe. Various mechanisms of …

Crystalline silica (CS) particles are ubiquitously present in the environment, particularly in
occupational settings, and exposure to respirable CS causes silicosis, imposing a significant …

The urgent need for antimicrobial agents to combat infections caused by multidrug-resistant
bacteria facilitates the exploration of alternative strategies such as photosensitizer (PS) …

Sepsis is a heterogeneous and imprecise disorder characterized by aberrant response to
infection which has been accredited for detrimental impact on immune homeostasis …

Terpinen-4-ol (T-4-O) is an important component of tea tree oil and has anti-inflammatory
effects. Currently, there are very few studies on the mechanisms by which T-4-O improves …

Augmentation of glycoprotein synthesis requirements induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
stress, activating the unfolded protein response (UPR) and triggering unconventional XBP1 …

While the canonical function of IRE1α is to detect misfolded proteins and activate the
unfolded protein response (UPR) to maintain cellular homeostasis, microbial pathogens can …

Breast cancer is a prevalent global disease that requires the development of effective
therapeutic approaches. The occurrence of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance in breast cancer …