Placebo tests are increasingly common in applied social science research, but the
methodological literature has not previously offered a comprehensive account of what we …

Propelled by the belief that government has slipped out of the hands of ordinary citizens, a
surging wave of populism is destabilizing democracies around the world. As John …

In many animals, the winners of a fight are more likely to win subsequent contests, while the
losers tend to lose their following fights. Such winner and loser effects can have a large …

While the social sciences have made impressive progress in adopting transparent research
practices that facilitate verification, replication, and reuse of materials, the problem of …

We develop a formal framework for accumulating evidence across studies and apply it to
develop theoretical foundations for replication. Our primary contribution is to characterize the …

We examine whether politically irrelevant events can cause conflicts, by analyzing the
effects of professional football games in Europe on protests in Africa—an unintended …

How might irrelevant events infiltrate voting decisions? The current research introduces a
new mechanism—regulatory focus—by which incidental environmental factors can affect …

Graham et al. attempt to reassess previous findings on the electoral effects of droughts,
floods, tornadoes, and college football games. Reassessing previous findings by collecting …

Contributing to the literature on so-called irrelevant events, this article aims to investigate the
existence of a relation between football results and voters' behaviour. There are indeed …

A growing number of studies discuss the impact of non-political factors on the political
success of incumbents. Theoretically, this literature addresses core ideas about electoral …