As all the enveloped viruses, the entry of influenza viruses includes a number of steps in
host cell infection. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge of the entry pathway and …

Host organisms have developed sophisticated antiviral responses in order to defeat
emerging influenza A viruses (IAVs). At the same time IAVs have evolved immune evasion …

As important personal protective equipment (PPE), face masks play a key role in self-
protection during disastrous pandemics caused by the COVID-19 virus and other respiratory …

Pandemic 2009 influenza A virus (A/H1N1/2009) has emerged globally. In this study, we
performed a comprehensive detection of potential pathogens by de novo sequencing using …

Introduction Influenza is associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Whilst
vaccination is key for the prevention of influenza infection, there are many factors which may …

Please cite this paper as: Goka et al.(2013) Influenza A viruses dual and multiple infections
with other respiratory viruses and risk of hospitalisation and mortality. Influenza and Other …

Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) mediates both receptor (glycan) binding and membrane
fusion for cell entry and has been the basis for typing influenza A viruses. In this study we …

As outlined in other chapters, the influenza virus, existing laboratory diagnostic abilities, and
disease epidemiology have several peculiarities that impact on the timing and processes for …

After the emergence of influenza A viruses in the human population, the number of N-
glycosylation sites (NGS) in the globular head region of hemagglutinin (HA) has increased …

The influenza virus hemagglutinin is an important part of the virus attachment to the host
cells. The hemagglutinin proteins are one of the genetic regions of the virus with a high …