Cometary nuclei contain the least modified material from the formative epoch of our
planetary system, and their compositions reflect a range of processes experienced by …

Water is a fundamental molecule in the universe. On Earth, water exists in all three phases:
gas, liquid, and solid (ice). Liquid water facilitates many chemical reactions as a solvent …

To date, 204 individual molecular species, comprised of 16 different elements, have been
detected in the interstellar and circumstellar medium by astronomical observations. These …

Context. Water is a key molecule in the physics and chemistry of star and planet formation,
but it is difficult to observe from Earth. The Herschel Space Observatory provided …

To date, 241 individual molecular species, composed of 19 different elements, have been
detected in the interstellar and circumstellar medium by astronomical observations. These …

The enormous radiative and mechanical luminosities of massive stars impact a vast range of
scales and processes, from the reionization of the universe, to the evolution of galaxies, to …

Cosmic-ray astrophysics has advanced rapidly in recent years, and its impact on other
astronomical disciplines has broadened. Many new experiments measuring these particles …

In diffuse interstellar clouds the chemistry that leads to the formation of the oxygen-bearing
ions OH+, H 2 O+, and H 3 O+ begins with the ionization of atomic hydrogen by cosmic rays …

A brief introduction and overview of the astrochemistry of dust, ice and gas and their
interplay is presented. The importance of basic chemical physics studies of critical reactions …

ABSTRACT Water In Star-forming regions with Herschel (WISH) is a key program on the
Herschel Space Observatory designed to probe the physical and chemical structures of …