Huntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by CAG repeat expansion
in the huntingtin gene (HTT) and involves a complex web of pathogenic mechanisms …

The purpose of this review is to summarize the research progress of PI3K/Akt signaling
pathway in erythropoiesis and glycolysis. Phosphatidylinositol‑4, 5‑bisphosphate 3‑kinase …

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a highly conserved Serine/Threonine (Ser/Thr)
protein kinase, which belongs to phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) protein …

Autophagy, originally found in liver experiments, is a cellular process that degrades
damaged organelle or protein aggregation. This process frees cells from various stress …

Selective macroautophagy is an important protective mechanism against diverse cellular
stresses. In contrast to the well-characterized starvation-induced autophagy, the regulation …

Abstract TOR (T arget O f R apamycin) is a highly conserved protein kinase that is important
in both fundamental and clinical biology. In fundamental biology, TOR is a nutrient-sensitive …

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP 2A) is a serine/threonine phosphatase involved in the
regulation of many cellular processes. A confirmed tumor suppressor protein, PP 2A is …

Huntington disease is devastating to patients and their families—with autosomal dominant
inheritance, onset typically in the prime of adult life, progressive course, and a combination …

The evolutionarily conserved checkpoint protein kinase, TOR (target of rapamycin), has
emerged as a major effector of cell growth and proliferation via the regulation of protein …

Abstract mTOR/RAFT1/FRAP is the target of the immunosuppressive drug rapamycin and
the central component of a nutrient-and hormone-sensitive signaling pathway that regulates …