Specifically, human activities, such as those in industry and transportation, have resulted in
an increase in the demand for fossil fuels, resulting in severe environmental problems …

Several organic wastes into energy conversion technologies were successful in addressing
global challenges such as fossil fuel dependency, production cost optimization, waste …

The failure of classical techniques and algorithms have triggered researchers to search for
stochastic tools capably of exploring the search space with constant convergence speed …

Among the various alternative fuel options for diesel, biodiesel has emerged as the most
promising fuel because of its renewable origin, availability, biodegradability, high …

The biomass is a renewable source of energy. Diesel can be synthesized from biomass
using different production methods. Diesel from bio-resources is divided to FAME and …

Regardless of fragile biodiesel market of the present day, it is foreseen that biodiesel will
draw a lot of public interest throughout the world in the not too distant future. Among different …

One of the most concerned components in world's food system challenges is food waste,
and it is particularly a critical issue in developed countries. Waste cooking oil (WCO) is one …

The aim of this work was to compare two different techniques for the esterification of waste
cooking oil having high free fatty acids (FFA) content. The first method was esterification …

A waste-to-wealth approach was adopted in this study to establish an efficient, economically
viable, and environmentally sustainable process for producing biodiesel from Spent …

The aim of this work was to study the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics
of a 5.5 kW four-stroke single-cylinder water-cooled direct-injection diesel engine operated …