Abstract The Southern Ocean, although relatively understudied owing to its harsh
environment and geographical isolation, has been shown to contribute substantially to …

Patterns of environmental spatial structure lie at the heart of the most fundamental and
familiar patterns of diversity on Earth. Antarctica contains some of the strongest …

This study presents the results of a broad intercomparison of a total of 15 global aerosol
models within the AeroCom project. Each model is compared to observations related to …

Residual macronutrients in the surface Southern Ocean result from restricted biological
utilization, caused by low wintertime irradiance, cold temperatures, and insufficient …

Palaeo-dust records in sediments and ice cores show that wind-borne mineral aerosol
('dust') is strongly linked with climate state. During glacial climate stages, for example, the …

Atmospheric inputs of iron to the open ocean are hypothesized to modulate ocean
biogeochemistry. This review presents an integration of available observations of …

Low levels of iron limit primary productivity across much of the Southern Ocean. At the basin
scale, most dissolved iron is supplied to surface waters from subsurface reservoirs, because …

Aeolian processes affect the biosphere in a wide variety of contexts, including landform
evolution, biogeochemical cycles, regional climate, human health, and desertification …

Phytoplankton photosynthesis links global ocean biology and climate-driven fluctuations in
the physical environment. These interactions are largely expressed through changes in …

Observations from the last decade suggest an important role of sea ice in the global
biogeochemical cycles, promoted by (i) active biological and chemical processes within the …