BACKGROUND Forest dynamics arise from the interplay of chronic drivers and transient
disturbances with the demographic processes of recruitment, growth, and mortality. The …

Recent decades have been characterized by increasing temperatures worldwide, resulting
in an exponential climb in vapor pressure deficit (VPD). VPD has been identified as an …

Chapter 2, building on prior assessments1, provides a global assessment of the observed
impacts and projected risks of climate change to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems …

Forest ecosystems depend on their capacity to withstand and recover from natural and
anthropogenic perturbations (that is, their resilience) 1. Experimental evidence of sudden …

It is unequivocal that the increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4)
and nitrous oxide (N2O) since the pre-industrial period are caused by human activities. The …

Chapter 2, building on prior assessments, provides a global assessment of the observed
impacts and projected risks of climate change to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems …

Evidence exists that tree mortality is accelerating in some regions of the tropics,, with
profound consequences for the future of the tropical carbon sink and the global …

Executive summary Land and climate interact in complex ways through changes in forcing
and multiple biophysical and biogeochemical feedbacks across different spatial and …

Trees are the living foundations on which most terrestrial biodiversity is built. Central to the
success of trees are their woody bodies, which connect their elevated photosynthetic …

Tropical ecosystems have the highest levels of biodiversity, cycle more water and absorb
more carbon than any other terrestrial ecosystem on Earth. Consequently, these ecosystems …