This comprehensive review article provides a cumulative insight into the tribology and the
surface topography of the components of the electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid electric …

This study focuses on the effect of carburization time on the structural and mechanical
properties of low carbon XC20 mild steel (C. Wt.%< 0.25). The XC20 steel was carburized …

Gas carburizing significantly enhances the surface properties of low-alloy gear steels,
resulting in superior micro-hardness, layer thickness, carbon content, and overall …

This article presents the results of a study on reducing deformations resulting from high-
temperature vacuum carburizing and post-carburizing heat treatment. The idea was to …

The paper presents work aimed at building practical applications of virtual reality (VR) in
manufacturing environments. It contains studies of the optical properties of cameras and …

Weapons depend largely on the barrel. Gunpowder combustion converts chemical energy
into thermal and mechanical energy. Barrels give projectiles initial speed and flight direction …

The objective of this paper was to investigate and respond to the quality and strength of CMT
welds that were subjected to degradation effects and subsequently to tensile testing. The …