The transformative success of antibodies targeting the PD-1 (programmed death 1)/B7-H1
(B7 homolog 1) pathway (anti-PD therapy) has revolutionized cancer treatment. However …

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme for redox reactions, making it
central to energy metabolism. NAD+ is also an essential cofactor for non-redox NAD+ …

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a specialized shield on tumor cells that evades the
immune system. Even inhibited by PD-L1 antibodies, a cycling process constantly transports …

Inhibitors of the PD-1–PD-L1 axis have been approved as therapy for many human cancers.
In spite of the evidence for their widespread clinical activity, little is known about the …

To improve the response rate of immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-PD-L1 antibody
in immunosuppressive cancers like triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), induction of …

Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy has become a promising therapeutic
strategy with encouraging therapeutic outcomes due to their durable anti-tumor effects …

Background Numerous ongoing trials are testing anti-PD-1-based or anti-PD-L1-based
cancer treatment combinations. Understanding the toxicity profiles of treatment-related …

Osteosarcoma, with poor survival after metastasis, is considered the most common primary
bone cancer in adolescents. Notwithstanding the efforts of researchers, its five-year survival …

Advances in molecular biology, microfluidics and bioinformatics have empowered the study
of thousands or even millions of individual cells from malignant tumours at the single-cell …

Cancer immunotherapy (CIT) with antibodies targeting the programmed cell death 1 protein
(PD-1)/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis have changed the standard of care in …