The Earth's ionosphere presents long-term trends that have been of interest since a
pioneering study in 1989 suggesting that greenhouse gases increasing due to …

In the present work, we analyze the competition between tidal winds and electric fields in the
formation of blanketing sporadic E layers (Es b) over São Luís, Brazil (2° 31′ S, 44° 16 …

Sporadic‐E (Es) layers are investigated over five Digisonde stations located inside (Santa
Maria and Cachoeira Paulista), boundary (São Luís), and outside (Millstone Hill and Port …

The magnetic equator in the Brazilian region has moved over 1,100 km northward since
1957, passing the geomagnetic observatory Tatuoca (TTB), in northern Brazil, around 2013 …

During disturbed periods, E region electric fields can cause anomalous Es layer behavior,
which is observed in the digital ionosonde data. To investigate the influence of these electric …

Equatorial E region electric fields (EEFs) inferred from coherent radar data, sporadic‐E (E s)
layers observed from a digital ionosonde data, and modeling results are used to study the …

We investigate for the first time the variability of the F2 layer critical frequency (foF2), its peak
height (hmF2), the thickness parameter B0, and the E region critical frequency (foE) over …

The equatorial (Esq) and blanketing (Esb) sporadic (Es) layers occur due to the Equatorial
Electrojet Current (EEJ) plasma instabilities and tidal wind components, respectively. Both …

This study examines the variability of the ionospheric content during the period around the
2015 Saint Patrick magnetic storm and when equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) are …

In the present work, we evaluate the accuracy of the Solar Quiet Reference Field (SQRF)
model for estimating and predicting the geomagnetic solar quiet (Sq) daily field variation in …