Many lakes show vertical stratification of their water masses, at least for some extended time
periods. Density differences in water bodies facilitate an evolution of chemical differences …

▪ Abstract Recent small-scale turbulence observations allow the mixing regimes in lakes,
reservoirs, and other enclosed basins to be categorized into the turbulent surface and …

Lakes and other confined water bodies are not exposed to tides, and their wind forcing is
usually much weaker compared to ocean basins and estuaries. Hence, convective …

A numerical model was developed for the prediction of the density stratification of lakes and
reservoirs. It combines a buoyancy‐extended k‐ϵ model with a seiche excitation and …

The thermal structure of a lake is strongly associated its hydrodynamics and climatic
conditions, and is an important basis to understand the physical, chemical, and ecological …

We studied cold, deep‐water intrusions in the South Basin of Lake Baikal on the basis of 2 yr
of data (December 1995‐November 1997) from near‐bottom and near‐surface thermistor …

Among several influential factors, the geographical position and depth of a lake determine
its thermal structure. In temperate zones, shallow lakes show significant differences in …

Turnover in lakes and reservoirs causes circulation in the water column from the bottom to
the surface when the water column stability becomes low. Previous studies commonly …

The contrasting roles of seasonal stratification and seasonal ventilation are among the most
important attributes of lake systems in defining their geochemistry, biology and response to …

Lake Baikal is the oldest, deepest, and most voluminous freshwater lake on Earth. Despite
its enormous depth, episodically (almost twice a year) large amounts of surface, cold, and …