Alcohol has many effects on brain function and hence on human behavior, ranging from
anxiolytic and mild disinhibitory effects, sedation and motor incoordination, amnesia …

Ethanol exposure during gestation is an early life stressor that profoundly dysregulates
structure and functions of the embryonal nervous system, altering the cognitive and …

The consumption of alcohol during gestation is detrimental to the developing central
nervous system (CNS). The severity of structural and functional brain alterations associated …

Several studies have revealed that acute ethanol inhibits the function of glutamate receptors.
Glutamate receptor‐mediated synaptic plasticity, such as N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate‐dependent …

Neurotransmitter systems have been long recognized as important targets of the
developmental actions of alcohol (ie, ethanol). Short-and long-term effects of ethanol on …

Aberrant activation of the developing immune system can have long-term negative
consequences on cognition and behavior. Teratogens, such as alcohol, activate microglia …

Background Maternal alcohol consumption is known to adversely affect fetal
neurodevelopment. While it is known that alcohol dose and timing play a role in the …

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are a result of the teratogenic effects of alcohol on
the developing fetus. Decades of research examining both individuals with FASDs and …

In the novel object recognition (OR) paradigm, rats are placed in an arena where they
encounter two sample objects during a familiarization phase. A few minutes later, they are …

There is abundant evidence that prenatal alcohol exposure leads to a range of behavioral
and cognitive impairments, categorized under the term fetal alcohol spectrum disorders …