Technological advances and clinical research over the past few decades have given
radiation oncologists the capability to personalize treatments for accurate delivery of …

In principle, proton therapy offers a substantial clinical advantage over conventional photon
therapy. This is because of the unique depth-dose characteristics of protons, which can be …

Proton therapy treatments are based on a proton RBE (relative biological effectiveness)
relative to high-energy photons of 1.1. The use of this generic, spatially invariant RBE within …

The biological effectiveness of proton beams relative to photon beams in radiation therapy
has been taken to be 1.1 throughout the history of proton therapy. While potentially …

The original rationale for proton therapy was its highly conformal depth‐dose distributions
compared to photons, which allow greater sparing of normal tissues and escalation of tumor …

The treatment of cancer with proton radiation therapy was first suggested in 1946 followed
by the first treatments in the 1950s. As of 2020, almost 200 000 patients have been treated …

The main advantages of proton therapy are the reduced total energy deposited in the patient
as compared to photon techniques and the finite range of the proton beam. The latter adds …

Charged particle therapy has been largely driven and influenced by nuclear physics. The
increase in energy deposition density along the ion path in the body allows reducing the …

The purpose of this paper has been to review the current status and progress of the field of
radiation biophysics, and draw attention to the fact that physics, in general, and radiation …

Proton therapy treatments are currently planned and delivered using the assumption that the
proton relative biological effectiveness (RBE) relative to photons is 1.1. This assumption …