This review attempts to cover the implication of the toll-like receptors (TLRs) in controlling
immune functions with emphasis on their significance, function, regulation and expression …

Cathelicidins are a group of antimicrobial peptides. Since their discovery, it has become
clear that they are an exceptional class of peptides, with some members having pleiotropic …

Background The role of vitamin D status in COVID-19 patients is a matter of debate.
Objectives To assess serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels in hospitalized patients …

Components of the innate immune response, including neutrophils and macrophages, are
the first line of defense against infections. Their role is to initiate an inflammatory response …

Introduction Loss-of-function TLR7 variants have been recently reported in a small number
of males to underlie strong predisposition to severe COVID-19. We aimed to determine the …

Immunosenescence, describing alterations, including decline of immune responses with
age, is comprised of inappropriate elevations, decreases, and dysregulated immune …

Cathelicidins are antimicrobial peptides produced by humans and animals in response to
various pathogenic microbes. This review intends to provide a brief overview of the …

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is acknowledged that vulnerable …

Objectives Vitamin D status in patients with COVID-19 is an on-going controversial issue.
This study aims to determine differences in the serum 25 (OH) D concentrations of Arab Gulf …

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are important in recognizing microbial pathogens and triggering
host innate immune responses, including autophagy, and in the mediation of immune …