Antigenic variation as a strategy to evade the host adaptive immune response has evolved
in divergent pathogens. Antigenic variation involves restricted, and often mutually exclusive …

Survival of the African trypanosome within its mammalian hosts, and hence transmission
between hosts, relies upon antigenic variation, where stochastic changes in the composition …

Abstract Replication Protein A (RPA) is a broadly conserved complex comprised of the
RPA1, 2 and 3 subunits. RPA protects the exposed single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) during …

Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) is a glycolytic enzyme that is well conserved among the
three domains of life. PGK is usually a monomeric enzyme of about 45 kDa that catalyses …

RNA–DNA hybrids are epigenetic features of all genomes that intersect with many
processes, including transcription, telomere homeostasis, and centromere function …

Produced amidst the still rippling effects of a pandemic and as the world experiences the
increasing burden of global warming and a rapidly changing biosphere, the second edition …

We report frequent losses of components of the classical nonhomologous end joining
pathway (C-NHEJ), one of the main eukaryotic tools for end joining repair of DNA double …

Trypanosoma brucei is a kinetoplastid parasite that causes African trypanosomiasis, which
is fatal if left untreated. T. brucei regularly switches its major surface antigen, VSG, to evade …

Recent developments in single-cell and single-molecule techniques have revealed
surprising levels of heterogeneity among isogenic cells. These advances have transformed …

The genomes of all organisms are read throughout their growth and development,
generating new copies during cell division and encoding the cellular activities dictated by …