Evidence-based medicine (EBM) makes use of explicit procedures for grading evidence for
causal claims. Normally, these procedures categorise evidence of correlation produced by …

Philosophical discussions on causal inference in medicine are stuck in dyadic camps, each
defending one kind of evidence or method rather than another as best support for causal …

The standardised randomised clinical trial (RCT) has been exceedingly popular in medical
research, economics, and practical policy making. Recently, RCTs have faced criticism. First …

There is a recent surge in the use of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) within education
globally, with disproportionate claims being made about what they show,'what works', and …

It is sometimes thought that randomized study group allocation is uniquely proficient at
producing comparison groups that are evenly balanced for all confounding causes …

Rationale, aims and objectives Restricted randomization, such as blocking or minimization,
allows for the creation of balanced groups and even distribution of covariates, but it …

In this paper I analyse the dissent around evidence standards in medicine and
pharmacology as a result of distinct ways to address epistemic losses in our game with …

The Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa poses significant global health challenges. It marks
the first time in history that the Ebola virus, a level four pathogen, has gained a foothold in a …

Abstract We revisit John Worrall's old but still prominent argument against the view that
randomization balances the impact of both known and unknown confounders across the …

Randomized Trials and Observational Studies: The Current Philosophical Controversy Page 1
Randomized Trials and Observational Studies: The Current Philosophical Controversy 53 …