The most prevalent diseases of our time, non-communicable diseases (NCDs)(including
obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancer) are rising …

The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live attenuated tuberculosis vaccine that has the
ability to induce non-specific cross-protection against pathogens that might be unrelated to …

Vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) plays important roles in cell growth, differentiation,
organogenesis, and reproduction and a key role in mucosal immune responses. RA …

An individual's dietary and supplement strategies can influence markedly their physical
performance. Personalized nutrition in athletic populations aims to optimize health, body …

The intestinal epithelium plays critical roles in sensing and integrating dietary and microbial
signals. How microbiota and intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) interactions regulate host …

Vegetables and fruits contain non‐provitamin A (lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin) and
provitamin A (β‐carotene, β‐cryptoxanthin, and α‐carotene) carotenoids. Within these …

The digestive tract is home to millions of microorganisms and is the main and most important
part of bacterial colonization. On one hand, the abundant bacterial community in intestinal …

A leaky gut has been observed in a number of autoimmune diseases including type 1
diabetes, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and systemic lupus …

There is increasing evidence that the metabolic status of T cells and macrophages is
associated with severe phenotypes of chronic inflammation, including allergic inflammation …

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plays a role in tissue development, neural function,
reproduction, vision, cell growth and differentiation, tumor immunity, and apoptosis. ATRA …