Since the isolation of graphene in 2004, there has been an exponentially growing number of
reports on layered two-dimensional (2D) materials for applications ranging from protective …

By combining antifouling shark-skin patterns with antibacterial titanium dioxide (TiO2)
nanoparticles (NPs), we present a simple route toward producing durable multifunctional …

Advancements in biomedical devices are ingenious and indispensable in health care to
save millions of lives. However, microbial contamination paves the way for biofilm …

Surfaces define the outer boundaries of an object and interact with the surrounding medium
in a multitude of ways. Surface texture, defined as “the local deviation of a surface from a …

Infections arising from implanted medical devices cause considerable challenges for
medicinal specialists and patients. These infections usually arise from the accumulation of …

Biotic and abiotic surfaces submerged in aquatic systems are prone to rapid colonisation by
marine organisms in a process called biofouling. Biofouling starts with the formation of an …