Many viruses trigger the type I interferon (IFN) system, leading to the transcription of
hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). The products of these ISGs exert numerous …

Animal cells use a wide variety of mechanisms to slow or prevent replication of viruses.
These mechanisms are usually mediated by antiviral proteins whose expression and …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are thought to mediate intercellular
communication through the transfer of cargoes from donor to acceptor cells. Occurrence of …

Interferons (IFN) are essential antiviral cytokines that establish the cellular antiviral state
through upregulation of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), most of which have …

The 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic showed the speed with which a novel respiratory virus
can spread and the ability of a generally mild infection to induce severe morbidity and …

Interferons (IFNs) induce the expression of hundreds of genes as part of an elaborate
antimicrobial programme designed to combat infection in all nucleated cells—a process …

The interferon-inducible transmembrane (IFITM) protein family represents a new class of
cellular restriction factors that block early stages of viral replication; the underlying …

Vesicle-membrane-protein-associated protein A (VAPA) and oxysterol-binding protein
(OSBP) regulate intracellular cholesterol homeostasis, which is required for many virus …

To replicate, viruses must gain access to the host cell's resources. Interferon (IFN) regulates
the actions of a large complement of interferon effector genes (IEGs) that prevent viral …

Type I interferon protects cells from virus infection through the induction of a group of genes
collectively named interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). In this study, we utilized short hairpin …