Helminth parasite infections are associated with a battery of immunomodulatory
mechanisms that affect all facets of the host immune response to ensure their persistence …

The vertebrate immune system has evolved in concert with a broad range of infectious
agents, including ubiquitous helminth (worm) parasites. The constant pressure of helminth …

Abstract CD4+ T helper (TH) cells have crucial roles in orchestrating adaptive immune
responses. TH2 cells control immunity to extracellular parasites and all forms of allergic …

Helminths are masterful immunoregulators. A characteristic feature of helminth infection is a
Th2-dominated immune response, but stimulation of immunoregulatory cell populations …

TNFR/TNF superfamily members can control diverse aspects of immune function. Research
over the past 10 years has shown that one of the most important and prominent interactions …

Immune regulation by parasites is a global concept that includes suppression, diversion,
and conversion of the host immune response to the benefit of the pathogen. While many …

Infection of humans with the nematode worm parasite Anisakis simplex was first described in
the 1960s in association with the consumption of raw or undercooked fish. During the 1990s …

Epidemiological and interventional human studies, as well as experiments in animal
models, strongly indicate that helminth parasitic infections can confer protection from …

There is increasing interest in helminth parasite modulation of the immune system, both from
the fundamental perspective of the “arms race” between host and parasite, and equally …

Worldwide, more than a billion people are infected with helminths. These worm infections
generally do not lead to mortality, however, they are chronic in nature and can lead to …