This paper is the eighth installment of our annual review of research involving the
endogenous opiate peptides. It is restricted to the non-analgesic and behavioral studies of …

Autism, the third commonest developmental disorder, is a complex and fascinating disorder
with wide variability in the way it manifests and changes over time. There is considerable …

Autism spectrum disorders are conditions usually presenting in early childhood
characterized by marked impairments in social interaction and communication (1) and by …

Although there is clear evidence in other species that electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is
associated with changes in endogenous opioid activity, there are few data available for such …

Publisher Summary Major cognition disorder includes mental retardation, learning
disabilities, amnestic syndromes, and the dementias. Many disorders and diseases of the …

To analyze the role of endogenous opioids on epileptogenesis the effect of repeated doses
of naloxone alone (NA)(2, 4, and 8 mg/kg every 15 min) or along with intermittent photic …

Pharmacological treatments have been used in an attempt to improve the memory
dysfunction induced by electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Despite promising results from …

It is now well‐established that electroconvulsive shock (ECS) is the most effective treatment
for severe depression. Over the past two decades a great deal of new information has been …

Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is famously known as a treatment for
depression; however, memory impairments have always been a point of concern. The use of …

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a safe and effective treatment of severe depressive
illness. Although it has now been used for over five decades, the mechanism of action …