Small-scale gap disturbance in forests is reviewed. Caused by the death of individual or
multiple trees with subsequent fall from the canopy, gaps have been extensively studied in …

L ong studied by foresters and ecologists interested in natural ecosystem structure,
composition and process, old-growth forests have attracted increasing investigation as a …

Tree-ring dating (dendrochronology) is a method of scientific dating based on the analysis of
tree-ring growth patterns. As author James Speer notes, trees are remarkable bioindicators …

Pyrophytic oak landscapes across the central and eastern United States are losing
dominance as shade-tolerant, fire-sensitive, or opportunistic tree species encroach into …

It is a widely held belief that a climax vegetation of closed forest systems covered the
lowlands of Central and Western Europe before humans intervened in prehistoric times to …

O ne of the most dramatic changes that has occurred in forests of eastern North America
during the twentieth century is the increase in the dominance of red maple (Acer rubrum L.; …

A novel dendroecological procedure was developed to elucidate canopy disturbances
spanning a> 300‐yr period for oak (Quercus) forests of central Pennsylvania. Running …

Abstract Abstract Before European settlement, vast areas of deciduous forest in what is now
the eastern United States were dominated by oak species. Among these species, white oak …

We reviewed literature in the fields of anthropology, archaeology, ethnobotany, palynology
and ecology to try to determine the impacts of Native Americans as active and passive …

Disruptions to historic disturbance and herbivory regimes have altered plant assemblages in
forests worldwide. An emerging consensus suggests that these disruptions often result in …